段一·现身
六月二日晚上,十一点四十以后。
本子合上了。
罗代办坐回椅子上。
他没有立刻说。
他先倒了一杯茶,喝了两口。
茶凉了。
他还是喝完了。
他把杯子放下。
他说:
“第一句我刚才说了。”
马可说:
“太细了。”
罗代办说:
“这一句是三个地方都有的。”
他说:
“第二句只有一个地方有。”
马可说:
“哪个地方?”
罗代办说:
“就在这儿。”
他抬了一下下巴,指的是院子外头那个方向。
那个方向是阿不都热合曼家,隔着两条街,走过去七八分钟。
马可说:
“您说。”
罗代办说:
“这一句是去年冬天说的。”
他说:
“不是跟我说的,是我在旁边听见的。”
他说:
“他跟他儿子说的。”
马可问:
“罗大哥,您为什么不当时就告诉我?”
罗代办说:
“去年冬天我跟你不熟。”
马可说:
“去年冬天我们认识两年了。”
罗代办说:
“熟不是年头。”
他说:
“去年冬天我要是跟你说了,你会怎么样?”
马可想了一下。
他说:
“我会去问他。”
罗代办说:
“对。”
他说:
“你去问他,他就知道是我说的。”
他说:
“那院子里没有第四个人。”
马可说:
“今年您就不怕了?”
罗代办说:
“今年不一样。”
他说:
“今年我自己在这一笔里头。”
他说:
“我今年赔了两千二。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“赔了钱的人说话,人家不当他是搬弄。”
段二·古文镜像
“广汉为人强力,天性精于吏职。见吏民,或夜不寝至旦。尤善为钩距,以得事情。钩距者,设欲知马贾,则先问狗,已问羊,又问牛,然后及马,参伍其贾,以类相准,则知马之贵贱不失实矣。”
“唯广汉至精能行之,它人效者莫能及也。郡中盗贼、闾里轻侠,其根株窟穴所在,及吏受取请求铢两之奸,皆知之。”
“广汉初为京兆尹,……教吏为缿筒,及得投书,削其主名,而托以为豪桀大猾之曹。及行事,实屠伯也。……其后强宗大族家家结为仇雠,奸党散落,风俗大改。”
“京兆政清,吏民称之不容口。长老传以为自汉兴治京兆者莫能及。……广汉竟坐要斩。广汉虽坐法诛,为京兆尹廉明,威制豪强,小民得职。百姓追思,歌之至今。吏民守阙号泣者数万人。”
*English Mirror: Guanghan was a man of great force and by nature exact in official duty. Receiving officers and commoners, he would sometimes go without sleep until dawn. He was especially skilled at the "hook-and-distance" method of getting at the facts. The hook-and-distance is this: suppose you wish to know the price of a horse. First ask about dogs; then ask about sheep; then ask about oxen; and only then come to horses. Cross-check the several prices against one another and match them by kind, and you will know whether a horse is dear or cheap without departing from the truth. — Only Guanghan could do it to perfection; those who imitated him could not match it. Throughout the commandery, the robbers and the local bravoes, the roots and burrows where they lodged, and every officer's taking of a bribe down to the weight of a grain — all of it he knew. — When Guanghan first became Metropolitan Governor… he had his officers make sealed drop-tubes; and when a letter came in, he struck out the writer's name and attributed the matter instead to the faction of some great magnate or notorious rogue. In carrying out his measures he was in truth a butcher of men. … Thereafter the powerful clans and great houses fell one by one into blood feud with one another, the criminal parties scattered, and the customs of the place were greatly changed. — The government of the capital was clean, and officers and commoners praised him beyond containing; the elders handed it down that since the rise of Han no one who governed the capital had equalled him. … In the end Guanghan was condemned to be cut in two at the waist. Though he died under the law, as Metropolitan Governor he had been incorrupt and clear-sighted, had held the powerful in awe and given the small people their place. The common people remembered him with longing and sing of him to this day. Officers and commoners who kept watch at the palace gate weeping numbered tens of thousands.
那天晚上,罗代办转了三句。
第一句:太细了,细得让人不敢多说一句。
这一句从三个地方来,三个地方隔着上千公里。
第二句是阿不都热合曼跟阿里木说的。
罗代办说的时候尽量按原样。
他说:
“老人说:他每次来都问我为什么。”
他说:
“阿里木问:问为什么不好吗?”
他说:
“老人说:他问的那些,我做了四十年,我没有为什么。”
马可坐在那儿,没有说话。
罗代办说:
“还有半句。”
他说:
“老人说:我答不上来的时候,他就在本子上画一个圈。”
他说:
“老人说:那个圈我看见过。”
马可低头看了一眼自己那个本子。
本子摊在桌上,是今天晚上写苁蓉那一页。
那一页上有两个圈。
这两个圈是画给罗代办的。
画的时候罗代办就在对面坐着。
他一个字也没有说。
马可把本子翻回前面。
去年在库车,去年在吐鲁番,前年在敦煌。
他画过多少个圈,自己没数过。
他一直以为那个圈是给自己看的。
是提醒自己:这一条没有根,不要用。
今天晚上他才知道,坐在对面的人一直看得见。
而且看得见的那个人,不知道那个圈是什么意思。
马可试着从那个老人的位置看一遍。
一个成都来的人,一年来四趟。
每一趟都拿着本子。
问一句,记一行。
问一句答不上来,画一个圈。
这个圈画完他不说话,接着问下一句。
那个老人四十年没有上过学。
他不认识本子上那些字。
他唯一看得懂的,就是那个圈。
圆的,一眼就认得。
画在他答不出来的那一句后面。
马可在本子上写了一行:
「在一本他读不了的本子上,唯一他读得懂的东西,是我给他画的那个记号。」
他停了一下,写完下半句:
「而这个记号,我从来没有跟他解释过。」
段三·事件主体
赵广汉是那天夜里出现的。
罗代办回自己房间以后,马可没有睡。
他坐在桌前,把那本本子上所有的圈数了一遍。
数到三十七个的时候,屋里多了一个人。
三十七个圈,六样货,四十一行。
平均一行差不多一个。
这个比例马可自己看着都愣了一下。
四十一行里有三十七处,是他当场判定「说不清」的。
换个说法:这本本子上,罗代办说得清的和说不清的,几乎一样多。
这个不是罗代办的毛病。
这是那个问法的毛病。
四十上下,个子中等,很精干。
穿的是汉代的官服,可是袖子挽着。
眼睛很亮,像是很久没有睡。
他走过来,看了一眼那些圈。
他说的第一句是:
“你这个圈,画在明处。”
马可说:
“先生。”
那个人说:
“赵广汉。”
那天夜里,赵广汉先说了他问价的法子。
他说:
“我做京兆尹,管长安。”
他说:
“长安城里什么都有,什么都要知道。”
马可问:
“您怎么知道?”
赵广汉说:
“问。”
他说:
“可是不能直着问。”
他说:
“我要知道一匹马值多少钱。”
他说:
“我先问狗。”
马可说:
“问狗?”
赵广汉说:
“问狗多少钱。”
他说:
“再问羊。”
他说:
“再问牛。”
他说:
“然后才问马。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“四个价摆在一起,互相一比。”
他说:
“马是贵是贱,跑不了。”
马可问了一句。
他说:
“先生,直接问马会怎么样?”
赵广汉说:
“他会答一个数。”
他说:
“那个数是他想让你知道的数。”
马可说:
“先问狗,他就不会想?”
赵广汉说:
“会想。”
他说:
“可是他不知道该往哪边想。”
他把手在桌上摊开。
他说:
“你问狗的时候,他不知道你要马。”
他说:
“他答狗的时候,是照实答的。”
他说:
“等你问到马,他想给你一个假数,也来不及了。”
他抬起头。
他说了一句,马可当时把笔拿起来了:
“因为前头那三个数已经把他框住了。”
马可把那本本子推过去。
他说:
“先生,我问的都是马。”
赵广汉看了一会儿。
他说:
“你问的比马还直。”
他念了几条。
他说:
“今年跟去年比哪儿不一样。”
他说:
“您看的时候眼睛先落在哪儿。”
他说:
“去年七月你说下他说不下,有过几次。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“这三句问得好。”
他说:
“好在哪儿,你知道。”
他停了一下。
他说:
“坏在哪儿,你没有想过。”
马可说:
“先生说。”
赵广汉说:
“这三句,答不上来的人一定会不好意思。”
他说:
“因为这三句一听就是能答的。”
他说:
“「哪儿不一样」,这是他自己的活。”
他说:
“他自己的活,他答不上来。”
他抬起头。
他说了一句,马可当天在本子上抄了四遍:
“问得越准,答不上来的人越难受。”
马可问了一句。
他说:
“先生,那我该问什么?”
赵广汉说:
“问狗。”
马可说:
“在他那儿,狗是什么?”
赵广汉说:
“不是他的活。”
他说:
“是他知道,可是不用负责的那些。”
马可想了一会儿。
他说:
“今年村里电费涨了没有。”
赵广汉说:
“这是狗。”
马可说:
“今年他儿子回来几趟。”
赵广汉说:
“这是羊。”
马可说:
“隔壁那家今年谁在下架。”
赵广汉说:
“这是牛。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“这三样问完,你再问他自己那一句。”
马可说:
“问完这三样,他就肯说了?”
赵广汉说:
“不一定。”
他答得很直。
他说:
“可是他答完这三样,嘴已经开了。”
他说:
“开了嘴的人,跟一进门就被问的人,不是一个人。”
他停了一下。
他说了一句,马可当天在本子上抄了两遍:
“你那三年,每一次都是一进门就问马。”
那天夜里,赵广汉说了那个筒。
他说:
“我刚到长安的时候,什么也不知道。”
他说:
“大族横行,官吏收钱,没有人肯说。”
马可问:
“您怎么办的?”
赵广汉说:
“我叫人做了一批筒。”
他说:
“竹筒,上头开一道缝。”
他说:
“摆在衙门口。”
他说:
“谁有话,写了投进去。”
马可说:
“这个我懂,这是匿名信箱。”
赵广汉说:
“匿名不够。”
马可问:
“为什么不够?”
赵广汉说:
“长安城里认字的人不多。”
他说:
“一封信写出来,笔迹就是名字。”
他说:
“而且一件事只有三个人知道,投出来了,三个人自己心里有数。”
马可说:
“那怎么办?”
赵广汉说:
“我把名字削掉。”
他说:
“削掉以后,我不说这话是谁投的。”
他停了一下。
他说:
“我说这话是他对头那一伙人说的。”
这一句说完,屋里静了几秒。
马可说:
“先生,这是嫁祸。”
赵广汉说:
“是。”
他答得一点也不含糊。
他说:
“史书上说我是屠伯。”
他说:
“这个我认。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“可是你要知道我为什么这么干。”
他说:
“一个人肯说话,靠的不是他不怕。”
他说了一句,马可听完把笔放下了:
“靠的是他知道那句话出去以后,追不到他身上。”
马可问了一句。
他说:
“先生,我这儿一共九个人。”
他说:
“九个人,谁说的一句话,我一猜就着。”
赵广汉说:
“那你就没有筒。”
他答得很干脆。
马可说:
“那怎么办?”
赵广汉说:
“你有一个人。”
他说:
“今天晚上坐在你对面那个。”
马可说:
“罗大哥。”
赵广汉说:
“他就是筒。”
他说:
“话从他嘴里出来,你不知道是谁说的。”
他说:
“你要是去查,他不会告诉你。”
马可说:
“这个筒等了三年。”
赵广汉说:
“筒不是等出来的。”
他说:
“我那个筒立在衙门口,头一个月一封信也没有。”
马可问:
“后来怎么有的?”
赵广汉说:
“我办了一件事。”
他说:
“有人投了一封信,说的是一个大族。”
他说:
“我照着办了,办完那个投信的人一点事也没有。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“从第二个月起,筒就满了。”
他说了一句,马可当天在本子上抄了三遍:
“筒是一件一件办出来的,不是摆出来的。”
段四·钩子结尾
第三句是酒泉那个人说的。
马可从来没有见过他。
罗代办说,那个人做甘草,跟马可没有一点关系。
罗代办去年秋天在酒泉住过四天。
那四天他是给别人跑一笔甘草。
晚上几个人在一起吃饭,说到收货的。
那个人是听别人说的,别人又是听别人说的。
中间隔了两手。
他说的是:
「听说成都有个人收货,要看你们家的账。」
这一句罗代办转的时候,马可听完先问了一个笨问题。
他说:
“这一句是好话还是坏话?”
罗代办说:
“你自己听。”
马可把这一句在心里念了两遍。
要看你们家的账。
这一句里没有一个坏字。
可是它的意思很清楚。
那个人卖东西给你,你要看他的账。
看账这件事,在他那儿不是关心。
是查。
马可把这一层再往下想。
他为什么要看别人家的账?
头一次是二〇二九年,秦师傅那三十四本。
那一次是秦师傅自己让他看的。
第二次是杜大爷那八十八本,也是人家交出来的。
第三次是热依汗那一袋纸,是艾山江带他去的。
第四次是依明那本四十年的,他付了钱。
每一次都是人家肯的。
没有一次是他硬看的。
可是酒泉那个人不知道这些。
酒泉那个人听到的只有一句:他要看你们家的账。
这一句里没有「人家肯的」这四个字。
传话是这样的。
传一次掉一半。
掉的那一半,永远是解释的那一半。
马可在纸上写了一句:
「传出去的是动作,掉下来的是为什么。」
马可在旅馆里坐到半夜两点。
他把这三年做的事列了一遍。
第一年:他问常怎么知道该下架。
第二年:他数常那六百八十四个孔。
第二年:他把秦师傅三十四本本子念了三天。
第三年:他让热依汗大娘排那十九叠。
第三年:他请人念依明那本四十年的本子。
今年:他跟罗代办写了八个晚上。
这六件事,每一件都是从别人手里拿出来的。
拿出来以后,进了他的本子。
他给出去过什么?
他想了很久。
给过钱。
给过那三千五走路的钱。
给过那两万四千八百二十。
给过一张写着「卖方:罗建国」的纸。
这些都是给。
可是这些给的,没有一样是他从别人那儿学来的东西。
他学来的那些,全在他自己的本子上。
一本也没有出去过。
马可把这一层写下来以后,又往下想了一层。
为什么没有出去过?
头一个理由他自己知道:那是他的本钱。
这三年他挣的那点钱,不是靠买卖差价。
是靠他比别人多知道一点。
多知道的那一点,全在这几个本子上。
第二个理由他今天晚上才想到。
他不知道给出去以后,别人拿它做什么。
一本记着「常那六座房怎么下架」的本子,给了买买提。
买买提会不会照着做?
照着做了,他那三座房出来的东西,是不是就成了常家的东西?
这个问题马可想了很久。
想完他自己笑了一下。
因为这个担心,跟去年那个乌鲁木齐公司那张塑封的纸,是同一种担心。
那张纸把四十二座房变成了一样的。
他这本要是发下去,会不会也把九座房变成一样的?
马可在纸上写了一句:
「两头写死,中间留白。」
他停了一下,写完下半句:
「留白那一栏就是防这个的。」
因为那一栏里没有数。
照着两头做,做不出一样的东西来。
六月三日早上,马可跟罗代办说了他想做的事。
他说:
“罗大哥,这本本子我想印出来。”
罗代办说:
“印几本?”
马可说:
“先印十本。”
罗代办问:
“给谁?”
马可说:
“给这六样货的人。”
他说:
“阿不都热合曼一本。”
他说:
“常一本。”
他说:
“吐尔逊一本,买买提一本,依明一本。”
他说:
“库车那三家一家一本。”
他说:
“您一本。”
他说:
“我自己留一本。”
罗代办问:
“印一本多少钱?”
马可说:
“四十一行,加上页首那六行。”
他说:
“打印装订,一本二十几块。”
他说:
“十本三百块不到。”
罗代办说:
“三百块。”
他把这三个字说了一遍。
他说:
“我二十年。”
他说:
“三百块。”
这两句他说完就没有再说。
马可也没有接。
因为这两句不是抱怨。
是一个人在报两个数。
这两个数放在一起,任何一句话都是多的。
罗代办把这几个数点了一遍。
他说:
“十本。”
他说:
“你想清楚了吗?”
马可说:
“想清楚了。”
罗代办说:
“那我说三条。”
罗代办说的第一条是这样的。
他说:
“这本本子上写的,一半是他们自己说的。”
他说:
“阿不都热合曼说的那两句开孔,就在第二页上。”
他说:
“他看见了会怎么样?”
马可说:
“他会知道我记下来了。”
罗代办说:
“他还会知道另外一件事。”
他说:
“他会知道,常那两句下架也在这本上。”
他说:
“他会知道,买买提那三座房的事也在这本上。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“他会知道你去过多少家。”
马可说:
“这个不能瞒。”
罗代办说:
“我没说瞒。”
他说:
“我是说,你今天以前,他们每一个人以为自己是唯一那一家。”
马可说:
“罗大哥,我从来没有跟谁说过他是唯一的。”
罗代办说:
“我知道你没说。”
他说:
“你没说,可是你也没说不是。”
他说:
“一个人一年来四趟,四趟都在我这院子里蹲着。”
他说:
“他心里会想什么?”
马可没有答。
罗代办说:
“这个不怪你。”
他说:
“可是这本印出去,那个想法就没了。”
他停了一下。
他说:
“没了不一定是坏事。”
他说:
“没了以后,他跟你之间就只剩真的那些。”
第二条罗代办说得更慢。
他说:
“印出去以后,这本会传。”
马可说:
“会。”
罗代办说:
“传到别的收货的手里。”
马可说:
“会。”
罗代办说:
“他们用了,就不用来找你了。”
他说:
“这本上四十一行,是我二十年。”
他说:
“印出去,别人拿去用,一分钱不用出。”
马可说:
“是。”
罗代办看了他一会儿。
他说:
“你这个人,做买卖是不行的。”
这一句他说得没有生气,也不像是夸。
他把茶喝完了。
放下杯子他又说了一句。
他说:
“不过我这话说得不对。”
马可说:
“哪儿不对?”
罗代办说:
“这四十一行传出去,别人也得肯坐八个晚上。”
他说:
“坐八个晚上的人,本来就会自己问。”
他说:
“不肯坐的那些,拿到手也是当废纸。”
他停了一下。
他说:
“倒是有一样我怕。”
马可问:
“怕什么?”
罗代办说:
“怕有人拿着这四十一行去跟人家谈价。”
他说:
“说你这一批不合第几行第几条,压你两毛。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“那我这二十年,就成了砍价的本子。”
第三条他说完就出门了。
他说:
“你要印可以。”
他说:
“第一本先给阿不都热合曼。”
马可问:
“为什么是他?”
罗代办说:
“因为那个圈是他看见的。”
他说:
“他到今天也不知道那是什么意思。”
他站在门口,又说了一句:
“你给他这本的时候,第一件事不是讲这本书。”
马可问:
“是什么?”
罗代办说了最后一句,说完就下楼了:
“是告诉他那个圈是什么。”
楼下的门响了一声。
马可站在窗边,看见罗代办走出去,往车站那个方向。
他背着一个旧包,走得不快。
六十一岁。
这十七天他倒贴了两千二。
这八个晚上他说了四十一行。
今天早上他说了三条。
这三条里,最后一条是关于一个圈的。
马可回到桌前,把那本本子翻开。
他在第一页那两行字下面,又添了一行。
添的是:
「本书凡画圈处,意为:口述人当时答不上来,此条无据,不可照用。」
下面一行:
「圈不是记过。」
写完他看了很久。
这两行本来早该写。
早三年就该写。
欲知后事如何,请看下回,《那个圈》
本回附录
四篇附录合计比正文还长。默认收起,想读哪篇点哪篇。
东坡笔记Dongpo's Note0 字
苏东坡当夜记下的:这一回他看见了什么
Second of June, after twenty to twelve. The notebook is shut. Luo sat back down, poured tea, drank two mouthfuls — it was cold — and put the cup down.
The first one I've said already. Too fine. That one is in all three places. The second is only in one place. Which? He raised his chin towards the yard, which is the direction of Abdul Rahman's. Last winter. Not said to me — I was standing there. He said it to his son.*
Three sentences relayed. One: too fine; so fine that people don't dare say one word more than they have to. From three places. Two, as close to the original as he could manage: the old man said: every time he comes, he asks me why. Alim: is asking why a bad thing? And: the old man said: the things he asks about, I have done for forty years. I have no why. And half a sentence more: the old man said: when I can't answer, he draws a circle in his book. And: the old man said: I've seen that circle.
My notebook was open on the table in front of me at the cistanche page, which has two circles on it, drawn this evening, with Luo sitting opposite, and he said nothing at the time. I turned back. Kucha last year, Turpan last year, Dunhuang the year before. I have never counted how many circles I have drawn. I have always taken the circle to be a note to myself: this line has no root, don't use it. Tonight I learned that the man opposite has been able to see it the whole time — and that he does not know what it means.
Zhao Guanghan came in the night after Luo had gone to his room, while I was counting the circles. I had reached thirty-seven. Forty or so, medium height, very sharp; Han official's robes with the sleeves pushed up; bright eyes, like a man who has not slept for a long while. He looked at the circles. Your circle is drawn where he can see it. Sir. Zhao Guanghan.
The method: I was Metropolitan Governor; I ran Chang'an. Everything is in that city and everything has to be known. How? By asking. But not straight. And: suppose I want to know the price of a horse. First I ask about dogs. About dogs? What a dog costs. Then sheep. Then oxen. Only then horses. And: put the four prices side by side and check them against one another, and whether the horse is dear or cheap cannot get away.
Why not simply ask about the horse? He will give you a figure. It will be the figure he wants you to have. And asking about dogs first stops him thinking? He will still think. But he doesn't know which way to lean. Hands flat on the table: when you ask about dogs he doesn't know you want a horse, so he answers about dogs truthfully. By the time you get to horses, it is too late for him to give you a false figure — and, and I picked up the pen: because the first three figures have already fenced him in.
I pushed my notebook across. I ask about the horse every time. He read for a while. You ask straighter than the horse. And he read three of them out: what's different this year compared with last; when you look, where do your eyes go first; last July, how many times did you say take it down and he said don't. And: those three are well asked. You know what is good about them. A pause. You have not thought about what is bad about them. Which is? All three are questions that anybody can hear is answerable. And: "what's different" — that is his own work. His own work, and he cannot answer. And, four times into the book: the better the question, the worse it is for the man who cannot answer it.
Then the tubes. When I first came to Chang'an I knew nothing. The great clans did as they liked, the officers took money, and nobody would speak. So? I had bamboo tubes made with a slit in the top and set at the gate of the office. Anyone with something to say wrote it and put it in. I said I understood — an anonymous box. Anonymous is not enough. Why not? Not many people in Chang'an could write. A letter is a hand, and a hand is a name. And: and when only three men know a thing and it comes in through the slit, those three men can count. Then what? I struck the name off. And: and having struck it off, I did not say the information came from nobody. A pause. I said it came from his enemy's faction. I said that is framing an innocent party. It is. With no hedging at all. The histories call me a butcher of men. I accept that. And: but you should know why I did it. And: a man speaks not because he is unafraid. And, and I put the pen down: he speaks because he knows that once the sentence is out, it cannot be traced back to him. — M.
马可备忘Marco's Memo2 字
分析师的复盘:数字、结论、他改了哪条规矩
Memo to file. Turpan, 2–3 June 2031. What is said about me when I am not there.
1. Three reports, relayed by Luo. — (i) "Too fine. So fine that people don't dare say one word more than they have to." Heard in three places: Turpan, Dunhuang, Jiuquan. — (ii) Abdul Rahman to Alim, last winter: "Every time he comes, he asks me why." / "Is asking why bad?" / "The things he asks about, I have done for forty years. I have no why." And: "When I can't answer, he draws a circle in his book. I've seen that circle." — (iii) From a licorice grower in Jiuquan I have never met and who has never sold me anything: "They say there's a man in Chengdu who buys, and he wants to look at your books."
2. The circle. I have used it since 2029 to mark no basis, do not rely on this — a discipline I am proud of and have written about three times. Thirty-seven of them in the current notebook alone. It is drawn in front of the person, in a book he cannot read, at the exact moment he has failed to answer, and he has been watching me do it for two years. From where he sits it is not a note about the evidence. It is a mark against him.
3. Zhao Guanghan on why my good questions are the problem. What's different this year; where do your eyes go first; how many times did you disagree. He rated them well asked, and then: the better the question, the worse it is for the man who cannot answer it. Because all three are audibly answerable, and all three are about his own work. A question a man ought to be able to answer about his own trade, and cannot, is an examination whatever tone it is asked in.
4. The alternative technique, which I have never used once. 钩距 — hook-and-distance. To learn the price of a horse, ask first about dogs, then sheep, then oxen, and only then horses; cross-check. The point is not indirection for its own sake: while he is answering about dogs he does not know you want a horse, so he answers truthfully; by the time you reach the horse the first three answers have fenced him in. Applied to me: I have never once asked Abdul Rahman about anything except his own drying. Never about the neighbour's houses, never about electricity prices, never about how many trips his son made home this year. Every question I have ever asked him has been a question only he can answer, about work only he does. There is no way to answer any of it casually.
5. On the drop-tube, and the part I cannot copy. Anonymity alone was insufficient because a letter is a hand and a hand is a name, and because when only three men know a thing, those three can count. His solution was to strike the name and attribute the report to the informant's enemies — which he described, without hedging, as being what the histories call him: a butcher. I cannot do that and will not. But the principle underneath it survives the method: a man speaks not because he is unafraid; he speaks because he knows it cannot be traced back to him. At n = 9 producers, anonymity is arithmetically impossible. The only tube I have is Luo, and tonight was the tube working. It took three years and it required him to have a stake of his own first.
6. What I have taken and what I have given, listed because the list is one-sided and I had never written it out. Taken: Chang's method for knowing when to take fruit down; 684 wall-holes counted; Qin's 34 notebooks read aloud over three days; Reyhan's nineteen stacks ordered; Yiming's forty-year book commissioned for reading; Luo's twenty years in eight evenings. Given: money — the ¥3,500 walking money, the ¥24,820, a sheet of paper with "seller: Luo Jianguo" on it. Every single thing I have given is money or paper. Not one thing I have given is something I learned somewhere else. Six households have taught me and no household has been taught anything.*
7. Decision, 3 June: print the notebook. Ten copies. Abdul Rahman, Chang, Tursun, Maimaiti, Yiming, the three Kucha households, Luo, me.
8. Luo's three objections, and he is right about all three. — (i) Half of what is in it came from them. Abdul Rahman's two lines on vents are on page two. "He'll know you've been to a lot of houses." And: "Until today, every one of them thought he was the only one." — (ii) "It will travel. Other buyers will use it. Then they won't need to come to you." And: "Forty-one rows in there is my twenty years. Print it and anybody can have it for nothing." And: "You're no good at trade." Said without heat and not as a compliment. — (iii) And a condition rather than an objection: "Give the first copy to Abdul Rahman. Because he's the one who saw the circle. And to this day he doesn't know what it means." And, from the door: "When you hand it to him, the first thing is not to explain the book. The first thing is to tell him what the circle is."
英文精读English Highlight0 字
本回所引古文的英译与解读
"A man speaks not because he is unafraid. He speaks because he knows that once the sentence is out, it cannot be traced back to him."
He governed the capital, and he is remembered for two techniques and one execution.
The first was a way of asking. Suppose you wish to know the price of a horse. First ask about dogs; then sheep; then oxen; and only then come to horses. Cross-check the several prices against one another and you will know whether a horse is dear or cheap without departing from the truth.
The reason is not subtlety for its own sake. Ask directly and he will give you a figure, and it will be the figure he wants you to have. Asked about dogs, he does not yet know what you are after, so he answers truthfully; and by the time you arrive at the horse the first three answers have already fenced him in.
The second was a bamboo tube with a slit in the lid, set at the gate of his office, for anyone with something to report. He was clear that the tube alone was useless. Not many people in Chang'an could write. A letter is a hand, and a hand is a name. And: when only three men know a thing and it comes in through the slit, those three men can count.
So he struck out the writer's name, and then did the thing that makes him hard to admire: he attributed the report to the informant's enemies. Told this amounts to framing innocent men, he agreed without qualification. The histories call me a butcher of men. I accept that.
He was eventually condemned and cut in two at the waist, and the officers and commoners who kept watch at the palace gate weeping numbered tens of thousands.
The observation that survives all of it is about questions rather than tubes, and it is unwelcome to anyone who prides himself on asking well. Three questions were put to him — all of them precise, all of them about the respondent's own lifelong work, all of them the kind of question a person ought to be able to answer.
He said they were well asked. And then: the better the question, the worse it is for the man who cannot answer it.
速查表Cheat Sheet677 字
典故与现代对应,一行一条
| 六月二日夜到三日晨 | 出处 | 现代对应 | 一句话 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 第一句:太细了,细得让人不敢多说一句 | 三个地方都有 | 吐鲁番、敦煌、酒泉 | 酒泉那个跟他没做过生意 |
| 第二句:他每次来都问我为什么 | 他问的那些我做了四十年,我没有为什么 | 我答不上来的时候,他就在本子上画一个圈 | 那个圈我看见过 |
| 那个圈是他画给自己的:这一条没有根,不要用 | 画的时候对面的人一直看得见 | 而且不知道那是什么意思 | 本子上三十七个圈 |
| 我要知道马值多少,先问狗 | 再问羊,再问牛,然后才问马 | 四个价摆在一起互相一比 | 马是贵是贱,跑不了 |
| 直接问马,他会答一个他想让你知道的数 | 问狗的时候他不知道你要马 | 等你问到马,来不及了 | 因为前头那三个数已经把他框住了 |
| 你问的比马还直 | 这三句问得好,好在哪儿你知道 | 坏在哪儿你没有想过 | 问得越准,答不上来的人越难受 |
| 竹筒开一道缝,摆在衙门口 | 匿名不够:认字的人不多,笔迹就是名字 | 一件事三个人知道,投出来三个人心里有数 | 我把名字削掉 |
| 我说这话是他对头那一伙人说的 | 这是嫁祸。是 | 史书上说我是屠伯,这个我认 | 一个人肯说话,靠的不是他不怕 |
| 靠的是那句话出去以后追不到他身上 | |||
| 听说成都有个人收货,要看你们家的账 | 这一句里没有一个坏字 | 看账在他那儿不是关心 | 是查 |
| 三年拿了六样:常的下架/六百八十四个孔/秦三十四本/十九叠/依明四十年/罗代办二十年 | 给出去的:三千五、两万四千八百二十、一张写着卖方的纸 | 全是钱和纸 | 没有一样是我从别处学来的东西 |
| 印十本 | 阿不都热合曼、常、吐尔逊、买买提、依明、库车三家、罗、自己 | 你想清楚了吗。想清楚了 | 那我说三条 |
| 一:他会知道你去过多少家 | 你今天以前,他们每一个人以为自己是唯一那一家 | 二:会传到别的收货的手里,一分钱不用出 | 你这个人,做买卖是不行的 |
| 三:第一本先给阿不都热合曼 | 因为那个圈是他看见的 | 你给他这本的时候,第一件事不是讲这本书 | 是告诉他那个圈是什么 |