段一·现身
三月二十八日,上午十点。
马可一夜没有睡踏实。
桌上是一张纸,上头只有一行字。
「四月收钱,六月发货。」
这一行是昨天晚上小雷提的。
马可算了一夜,算的不是够不够。
够。
四个团长按去年的量,一千五百一十袋。
二十六一袋,三万九千二百六十。
五月收货加运费袋子,四万一。
差八百多,他自己贴得起。
他算的是另外一件事。
这三万九千二百六十块,是买东西的人四月付的。
东西六月才到手。
中间六十天。
这六十天里,这笔钱在他的账上,用在吐鲁番。
马可在纸上写了一行:
「这不是借款,这是预售。」
写完他看了一会儿,把这一行划掉了。
因为这两个词的区别,只在名字上。
马可在纸上另起一行,把这两个词并排写下来。
预售:你先付钱,我后给货。
借款:你先给钱,我后还钱。
中间那六十天,两样是一样的。
不一样的是最后拿到手的东西。
一样拿的是杏干,一样拿的是钱加利息。
可是要是六月发不出货呢?
发不出货,预售就变成借款。
而且是一笔没有利息、没有抵押、没有借条的借款。
马可把这一层写下来。
写完他想起王安石这个名字的时候,还不知道当天下午会见到他。
他想起的是另外一件事。
他在纽约做过一年结构化产品。
那一年他学会的第一句话是:所有的融资都长得不像融资。
长得像融资的,人家一看就知道要算利息。
长得不像的,才收得到钱。
段二·古文镜像
“诸路常平、广惠仓钱谷,遇贵量减市价粜,遇贱量增市价籴。愿以粟麦贷者亦听,皆以时价出之。凡贷,出息二分,春散秋敛。”
“其法,先度民户,以第五等及客户为一等,第四等为一等,第三等以上为一等,各随所贷之数为限。愿取则与之,不愿者不强。”
“其意本以惠民,然吏缘为奸,抑配下户,不问愿否,一切均配;甚者豫定人数,取其息以为课;及至输纳,倍称之息,追呼督责,民不聊生。”
“盖儒者所争,尤在于名实,名实已明,而天下之理得矣。……至于怨诽之多,则固前知其如此也。……如曰今日当一切不事事,守前所为而已,则非某之所敢知。”
*English Mirror: The cash and grain of the Ever-Normal and Broad-Benefit granaries in every circuit: when prices are high, sell at a measured reduction below the market; when prices are low, buy at a measured increase above it. Those who wish to borrow in millet or wheat may also do so, all issued at the current price. On every loan, interest of two parts in ten; disbursed in spring, gathered in autumn. — The method: first assess the households, taking those of the fifth grade and tenant households as one class, those of the fourth grade as one, those of the third grade and above as one, each with a limit set on the amount lent. Those who wish to take it are given it; those who do not are not compelled. — Its intention was to benefit the people; but clerks made corrupt use of it, forcing allotments on the lower households, distributing to all alike without asking whether they wanted it; the worst fixed the number of persons in advance and took the interest as a performance quota; and when the time came to pay in, with interest doubling the sum, they were summoned and pressed for it, and the people could not make a living. — What scholars dispute is above all names and realities; once the name and the reality are clear, the principles of the empire follow. … As for the abundance of resentment and slander, I certainly knew beforehand that it would be so. … If it be said that today one ought simply to do nothing at all and keep to what was done before — that is not something I am prepared to know about.
那天上午十点半,马可给小雷回了电话。
他先问了三个问题。
第一个:
“你们那些人,四月付钱,六月拿货,肯吗?”
小雷说:
“大半肯。”
他说:
“我这个群里的人,去年三次都是我先垫的。”
马可停了一下。
他说:
“您先垫的?”
小雷说:
“是。”
他说:
“你发货以后我才收钱。”
他说:
“中间那几天,货款是我出的。”
马可说:
“这个我不知道。”
小雷说:
“你没问过。”
马可问了第二个问题。
他说:
“要是六月发不出来呢?”
小雷说:
“那我退。”
马可说:
“您拿什么退?”
电话那头静了两秒。
小雷说:
“钱不是在你那儿吗。”
马可说:
“在我这儿,可是我拿去吐鲁番买货了。”
他说:
“六月发不出来,多半是因为货出了事。”
他说:
“货出了事,那笔钱已经变成货了。”
小雷这一次静了大概十秒。
然后他说:
“那就是我在群里挨骂。”
马可说:
“对。”
他说:
“这是第三个问题。”
电话里静了一会儿。
然后马可说:
“小雷,我问第三个。”
他说:
“这件事要是做成了,明年你还愿意等发货以后再收钱吗?”
小雷说:
“你这个问题问得怪。”
马可说:
“您先想一想。”
那头想了大概十几秒。
小雷说:
“不愿意了。”
他答得很老实。
他说:
“先收钱多省事。”
他说:
“不用垫,不用催,不用记谁欠着。”
马可说:
“对。”
他说:
“所以这件事只做一次。”
小雷说:
“为什么只做一次?”
马可说:
“我今天答不好。”
他说:
“我下午想清楚了跟您说。”
段三·事件主体
王安石是那天下午出现的。
下午两点,马可在纸上写「预售规矩」四个字。
写完他坐着,一条也写不出来。
门那边站着一个人。
四十几到五十,中等个子。
穿的是宋人的官服,可是很脏。
领口有一圈黑,袖口也是。
头发梳得不整齐,脸也像没有洗。
他手里没有拿东西。
他走过来,看了一眼桌上那四个字。
他说的第一句是:
“你要写的这个,我写过。”
马可说:
“先生。”
那个人说:
“王安石。”
那天下午,王安石先说了青苗法是什么。
他说:
“常平仓里有钱有粮。”
他说:
“那些钱粮堆在仓里,年年烂掉一部分。”
他说:
“春天农民没有本钱下种。”
他说:
“没有本钱怎么办?”
马可说:
“借。”
王安石说:
“跟谁借?”
马可说:
“跟有钱人。”
王安石说:
“对。”
他说:
“跟乡里的大户借。”
他说:
“大户春天借出去,秋天收回来。”
他说:
“利息多少?”
他没有等马可答。
他说:
“倍称。”
他说:
“借一石,还两石。”
马可问:
“先生您怎么办的?”
王安石说:
“我把仓里的钱粮拿出来借。”
他说:
“春天散,秋天收。”
他说:
“息二分。”
马可算了一下。
借一石还一石二。
对面是借一石还两石。
他说:
“这个便宜太多了。”
王安石说:
“是。”
他说:
“我那八个字写在奏疏上。”
他说:
“使农人有以赴时趋事。”
他说:
“而兼并不得乘其急。”
马可把这两句抄下来。
「乘其急」三个字他看了很久。
王安石说:
“你懂这三个字。”
马可说:
“我懂。”
他说:
“急的人,什么价都答应。”
王安石说:
“你今年七月急不急?”
马可说:
“急。”
王安石说:
“那你现在坐在哪一边?”
马可停了一下。
他说:
“我是急的那一边。”
王安石说:
“不是。”
他说得很干脆。
他说:
“你是拿钱的那一边。”
他说:
“那一千二百多个人,四月给你钱,六月拿货。”
他说:
“他们不急。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“急的是你。”
他说了一句,马可当天在本子上抄了两遍:
“急的人做的规矩,第一条要写自己不能干什么。”
那天下午,王安石说了后来的事。
他说:
“法里写着:愿取则与之,不愿者不强。”
他说:
“还写着:按户等定数。”
他说:
“上三等借多少,第四等借多少,第五等和客户借多少。”
他说:
“都有上限。”
马可说:
“这个设计是对的。”
王安石说:
“这个设计现在还是对的。”
他说得很硬。
他说:
“坏的不在法上。”
马可问:
“在哪儿?”
王安石说:
“在下面。”
他说:
“息二分是一笔收入。”
他说:
“一笔收入报上去,上面就有一个数。”
他说:
“有了数,明年就要比今年多。”
他抬起头。
他说了一句,马可当时把笔停住了:
“从那一天起,愿不愿意就不算数了。”
马可问:
“具体是怎么坏的?”
王安石说:
“抑配。”
他说:
“州县定好一年要放出去多少,摊到每一乡。”
他说:
“乡里摊到每一户。”
他说:
“不问你要不要,先记上。”
他说:
“有的地方,一等户不缺钱,也要借。”
他说:
“五等户还不起,也要借。”
马可问:
“还不起怎么办?”
王安石说:
“追比。”
他说:
“衙役上门。”
他说:
“卖牛,卖地,卖女儿。”
这一句说完,屋里静了几秒。
王安石说:
“这些事都是真的。”
他说:
“韩琦上疏说的那些,我看过。”
马可问了一句。
他说:
“先生,那您后悔吗?”
王安石说:
“不后悔。”
他答得很快。
他说:
“司马光写信骂我,我回了一封。”
他说:
“信里我说了一句:至于怨诽之多,则固前知其如此也。”
马可说:
“您早就知道会被骂。”
王安石说:
“知道。”
他说:
“我还说了一句:要是说今天什么都不要做,守着从前那一套就行了,那我不敢知道。”
他停了一下。
他说:
“这句话我今天还是这么说。”
他抬起头。
他说了一句,马可当天在本子上抄了三遍:
“可是我要跟你说另外一句。”
他说:
“一件事,本意好,设计也对,还是会坏。”
他说:
“坏它的不是坏人。”
他说:
“是一个数。”
马可问了一句。
他说:
“先生,那怎么办?不报数吗?”
王安石说:
“不报不行。”
他说:
“不报,上头就不知道你在干什么。”
他说:
“不知道你在干什么,第二年就把这件事停了。”
马可问:
“那报了就一定坏?”
王安石想了一下。
这是他今天第一次想。
他说:
“报什么数,是可以选的。”
马可问:
“选什么?”
王安石说:
“我那时候报的是放出去多少,收回来多少息。”
他说:
“这两个数,越大越好看。”
他说:
“要是我报的是另外两个数呢。”
马可问:
“哪两个?”
王安石说:
“一个是还不上的有几户。”
他说:
“一个是追比过几家。”
他抬起头。
他说:
“这两个数,越小越好看。”
他说:
“越小越好看的数报上去,下面就不敢多摊。”
他停了一下。
他说了一句,马可当天在本子上抄了三遍:
“你要报一个数,那就报你最怕的那一个。”
段四·钩子结尾
那天下午四点,马可写完了六条。
纸上标题是:四月预售,只做一次。
第一条:只做今年五月这一批。做完这一次,不管好坏,下一批不做。
第二条:每个团长预售的上限,是他去年一整年的量。小雷六百二十,郭老师四百一十,王姐三百,陈姐一百八十。合计一千五百一十。多的我不收。
第三条:不定目标。谁想做谁做,不想做的这一批照旧,等发货以后再收钱。我不问谁做了谁没做,做完了才看。
第四条:预售的钱,只用在收货和运费上。不用来交房租,不用来发我自己的工资。
第五条:六月三十号以前发不出来,我在每一个群里自己说,说完当天退款,从我卡上退,不从团长那儿走。退不上的部分我写欠条,欠给买的人,不欠给团长。
第六条:预售不给折扣。价钱还是二十六。
写完他把第六条看了三遍。
这一条是他想了最久的一条。
给折扣是最自然的做法。
先付钱的人便宜一块两块,天经地义。
他没有给。
因为一给折扣,那些不预付的人就变成了「多花钱的人」。
多花钱的人第二年会预付。
第三年,不预付就成了不合群。
王安石那句话在他脑子里:从那一天起,愿不愿意就不算数了。
第二条他也改了两次。
第一次他写的是「上限按今年预计的量」。
这一条写完他自己划掉了。
因为「今年预计」是他定的。
他定多少,团长就能收多少。
这就是抑配的口子,数是上头给的。
第二次他改成「按去年一整年的实际量」。
去年的量是已经发生的事,谁也改不了。
马可在这一条旁边写了一句:
「上限要用已经发生的数,不能用打算发生的数。」
第五条他也想了很久。
第五条的原稿是:「六月三十号以前发不出来,退款。」
这一稿他自己看了一遍,加了三样东西。
第一样:我在每一个群里自己说。
不让团长转达。
因为转达的人会替他把话说圆。
说圆了,挨骂的还是转达的那个人。
第二样:从我卡上退,不从团长那儿走。
因为钱要是从团长那儿退,团长手上得先有钱。
她没有钱,就得自己垫。
小雷垫了三年,他今天才知道。
第三样:退不上的部分,欠条欠给买的人。
不欠给团长。
这三样加完,第五条从一行变成了四行。
马可在旁边写了一句:
「出事的时候,站在最前面的那个人,不能是替我卖货的人。」
四月一号开团,四月十八号收完。
开团那天,马可把那六条原样发在四个群里。
不是发给团长,是发给买东西的人。
第一个回话的是小雷群里一个人。
那个人问:
「六月三十号发不出来你退我钱,那我这两个月的利息呢?」
马可看着这一句,愣了一下。
这个问题他没有想过。
两个月,一万六千多,按活期算是十几块。
按理财算是一百多。
他打了三条。
第一条:没有利息。
第二条:这一点我事先说清楚,您这两个月的钱我用了,我不给您利息。
第三条:您要是觉得不合适,等发货以后再付,一样的价。
那个人回了三个字:
「知道了。」
然后他付了。
马可把这一段截了图存下来。
存的时候他想:这才是那六条真正管用的地方。
不是把好处说清楚。
是把「我占了你什么」说清楚。
结果是这样的。
小雷:六百二十的上限,收了五百八十四。
郭老师:四百一十的上限,收了四百一十。
王姐:三百的上限,收了二百二十六。
陈姐:一百八十的上限,收了六十七。
合计一千二百八十七袋。
四个上限加起来是一千五百一十。
实收一千二百八十七。
八成五。
马可把这个比例写下来的时候,先是有点失望。
失望完他反应过来:这个八成五是这张表上最好的一个数。
因为要是收到了十成,那就说明有人推了。
推了,第三条就是一句空话。
八成五说明四个人里至少有一个是照着第三条办的。
三万三千四百六十二块。
比四万一还差七千五百多。
这七千五百多,马可自己扛。
扛的办法是把五月去吐鲁番那一趟压缩成四天,住县城最便宜的旅馆,还有把六月的房租提前跟房东说了缓半个月。
这三样凑起来是三千二。
剩下四千三,他动了那四十袋封存的留样。
不是卖掉。
是把今年新留的那一批从四十袋减到十袋。
三十袋,七百八十块的货。
这个省得很小,可是他记了一笔。
记的时候他在旁边写了一句:
「第一次动的,是留样。」
这一句写完他自己看了一遍,把那三十袋加了回去。
四千三他另想办法。
办法是把手机套餐降了档,把一个视频会员停了,剩下的从吃上省。
这些加起来一个月三百多。
四千三要省一年。
马可知道这个算法是自欺欺人。
可是他不愿意在纸上留下那一句。
四个数里,陈姐那个六十七最扎眼。
上限一百八十,只收了六十七。
马可问她。
陈姐回得很直:
「我没在群里推。」
下面一条:
「我就把你那六条发出去了,谁问我谁付。」
再下面一条:
「六十七是自己来的。」
马可看着这几条,先问了一句:
「陈姐,那一百一十三袋,您觉得能收上来吗?」
陈姐回:
「能。」
下面一条:
「我要是在群里发三次,一百八十满。」
再下面一条:
「我那个群一百六十几个人,去年买过的有九十几个。」
再下面一条:
「她们不是不肯,是没想到。」
马可打了一句:
「那您为什么不发三次?」
陈姐这一条回得很长。
她说:你写的第三条,说不定目标,谁想做谁做。
她说:我要是发三次,那就是我在推。
她说:推了以后,四月十八号收上来一百八,你看见的就是「陈姐这边一百八满了」。
她说:明年你还这么写第三条,可是你心里有一个数了。
她说:那个数是一百八。
马可看着最后这一句,坐了很久。
这就是王安石下午说的那件事。
只不过王安石说的是上头往下压。
陈姐说的是下头往上垫。
上头给一个数叫抑配。
下头做出一个数,第二年也会变成一个数。
再下面一条:
「我不推的原因你别多想。」
「我推得动。可是我推了,第三条就没有了。」
四月十九号,郭老师来了一条微信。
她那四百一十是十六号就满的。
她说:
「马可,我这儿还有人要。」
下面一条:
「大概还能收一百五。」
再下面一条:
「上限那一条能不能松一松?」
马可看着这三条,在屋里走了两圈。
一百五十袋,三千九百块。
三千九百块,正好补上那七千五的一半。
而且是郭老师自己要求的,不是他去要的。
没有人吃亏,没有人被摊派。
马可坐下来,打了一句:
「郭老师,不松。」
郭老师回:
「为什么?我这边真的有人要。」
马可想了一会儿,打了三行。
他说:今年松一次,明年那条上限就不是上限了。
他说:明年您要是收不到四百一十,您会觉得是自己没做好。
他说:上限是保护您的,不是限制您的。
发完他等了很久。
等的时候他自己又算了一遍那一百五十袋。
三千九百块。
要是收了,他这一批就不用压缩行程,不用缓房租。
要是收了,还有一件更实在的:郭老师那一百五十个人,是真心要买的。
他们四月付钱,六月拿货,跟别人一样。
没有人受损失。
这件事横看竖看都是好事。
马可在纸上把这几句写下来。
写完他在下面加了一行:
「所有的口子,都是从一件横看竖看都是好事的事情开的。」
郭老师回了两个字:
「好吧。」
这两个字后面没有别的。
马可看着这两个字,知道她不服。
他也知道自己刚才那三行,第三行是硬讲的。
上限确实是保护,可是今天保护的是明年的她。
今天的她少挣七百八。
四月二十号晚上,江姐打来电话。
她开口第一句是:
“你搞预售了?”
马可说:
“搞了一次。”
江姐说:
“收了多少?”
马可说:
“三万三。”
江姐在那头笑了一声。
她说:
“三万三。”
她说:
“我二十一个群,八千九百人。”
她说:
“同样这六条,我发下去。”
她说:
“你猜能收多少?”
马可没有答。
江姐说:
“三十万。”
她说:
“保守说,二十五万。”
电话里静了一会儿。
然后江姐说了一句,说完就没有再说:
“马可,你今年七月的口子,我一个电话就给你补上了。”
「你要不要?」
马可拿着手机,站在窗边。
二十五万。
这个数他今年没有见过。
二十五万够他做到明年年底。
够他把库车那三家的货收下来。
够他把依明那本本子念完。
够他明年三月再去一趟,把热依汗大娘那十九叠排好、录下来。
这些事他今年一件也做不成,就是因为差钱。
江姐在那头等着。
马可开口之前,脑子里过的是下午王安石说的那两句。
一句是:坏它的不是坏人,是一个数。
一句是:急的人做的规矩,第一条要写自己不能干什么。
他那六条,第一条写的是「只做今年五月这一批」。
写的时候他觉得这一条是废话,因为反正也只有一次。
今天晚上他知道那一条不是废话。
那一条是写给今天晚上的自己看的。
欲知后事如何,请看下回,《二十五万》
本回附录
四篇附录合计比正文还长。默认收起,想读哪篇点哪篇。
东坡笔记Dongpo's Note9 字
苏东坡当夜记下的:这一回他看见了什么
Twenty-eighth of March. One line on the sheet: collect in April, ship in June. Xiao Lei's, from last night.
I spent the night doing arithmetic, and it was not the arithmetic of whether it is enough. It is enough. Four leaders at last year's volumes, 1,510 bags × ¥26 = ¥39,260, against ¥41,000 needed in May for goods, freight and bags. Eight hundred short, and I can cover that. What I was actually computing is that the ¥39,260 is paid in April by people who receive nothing until June — sixty days in which their money sits in my account and is spent in Turpan. I wrote "this is not a loan, it is a pre-sale" and then struck it out, because the difference between those two words is only the words.
Three questions to Xiao Lei by phone. Will your people pay in April for June? Most will. And then: the three runs last year, I fronted it myself. You fronted it? Yes. You ship, then I collect. In between, the goods money was mine. I said I hadn't known. You never asked. And if June fails? Then I refund. With what? Two seconds. Isn't the money with you? With me — and spent in Turpan on goods. And if June fails it will most likely be because something happened to the goods, and by then the money is the goods. Ten seconds. Then I'm the one getting shouted at in the group. Yes.
Wang Anshi came at two, while I was staring at the four characters pre-sale rules and unable to write a single clause. Late forties or fifty, middling height, Song official's robes and filthy — a black ring at the collar and the same at the cuffs, hair not properly combed, face like it hadn't been washed. Nothing in his hands. He read the four characters. What you're about to write, I wrote. Sir. Wang Anshi.
The Green Sprouts law, from the beginning: the ever-normal granaries held cash and grain. It sat there and a part of it rotted every year. In spring the farmers had no capital to sow with. So they borrow — from whom? From the great households in the village. Lent in spring, collected in autumn. At what rate? He did not wait. 倍称. Borrow one picul, repay two. And his: I took the granary cash and grain and lent it. Disbursed in spring, gathered in autumn. Interest two parts in ten. One-point-two against two. That is far cheaper. Yes. And the eight characters from the memorial: so that the farmer has the means to act in season — and the engrossers cannot ride his urgency. I looked at 乘其急 for a while. You understand those three characters. I do. A man in a hurry agrees to any price.
The design: those who wish to take it are given it; those who do not are not compelled. And: limits by household grade — top three grades so much, fourth grade so much, fifth grade and tenants so much. All capped. I said the design is right. The design is still right. Hard. What went wrong is not in the law. Then where? Below it. And the mechanism, which I have written out three times: two parts in ten is revenue. Revenue gets reported upward, and once it is reported there is a number. Once there is a number, next year has to beat this year. And: from that day, whether a man wants it or not stops counting. How exactly? 抑配 — forced allotment. Prefectures fixed how much was to go out in a year and split it among the townships; townships split it among households. Nobody was asked. First-grade households who needed nothing had to borrow. Fifth-grade households who could not repay had to borrow. And when they couldn't? 追比. The runners come to the door. Sell the ox. Sell the land. Sell the daughter. And: all of that is true. I read what Han Qi memorialised.
Do you regret it? No. Immediately. Sima Guang wrote and abused me and I answered. In that letter I said: as for the abundance of resentment and slander, I certainly knew beforehand that it would be so. You expected it. I did. And I also said: if it be said that today one ought simply to do nothing and keep to what was done before — that is not something I am prepared to know about. And: I would still say that today. And then, three times into the book: but I have another sentence for you. Which? A thing can be well intended and correctly designed and still go bad. And: what ruins it is not bad men. And: it is a number. — M.
马可备忘Marco's Memo6 字
分析师的复盘:数字、结论、他改了哪条规矩
Memo to file. Chengdu, 28 March – 20 April 2031. Pre-sale, once.
1. The thing I did not know until I asked. Xiao Lei has been fronting the goods money out of his own pocket on every run since 2029 — I ship, he collects afterwards, and the gap was his. "You never asked." Three years.
2. Where the risk actually sits, which the word "pre-sale" hides. Money in April, goods in June, and in between the money is not sitting in an account — it has become apricots in Turpan. If June fails it will fail because something happened to the goods, at which point the refund obligation exists and the cash does not. And the person standing in front of four hundred customers is not me. It is the leader. Xiao Lei got there himself in about ten seconds.
3. Wang Anshi's diagnosis, which is the most useful thing said to me since Volume Three. The Green Sprouts loans were voluntary by statute and capped by household grade, and the statute was never amended. The failure was that the interest was revenue; revenue was reported; a reported number becomes a target; a target is split downward; and at the bottom nobody is asked any more. 抑配 — allotment by force — followed by 追比, the runners at the door. A thing can be well intended and correctly designed and still go bad. What ruins it is not bad men. It is a number.
4. The six rules, written against that specific failure. — (1) This May run only. Whatever happens, the next run reverts. — (2) Each leader's cap = that leader's own 2030 full-year volume. Xiao Lei 620, Guo 410, Wang 300, Chen 180; 1,510 total. Nothing above the cap is accepted. — (3) No target. Whoever wants to, does; whoever doesn't, runs it the old way and collects on delivery. I do not ask who is doing it and I don't look until it's over. — (4) Pre-sale money is spent only on goods and freight. Not rent. Not my own living. — (5) If it hasn't shipped by 30 June, I announce it myself in every group, refund the same day from my own account, not through the leaders; anything I can't cover I write as an IOU to the buyer, not to the leader. — (6) No discount for paying early. The price is twenty-six.
*5. Why (6), which cost me the most thought. A discount is the obvious design and it is the trap. Discount the pre-payers and the non-payers become "the people who paid more." Next year they pre-pay. The year after, not pre-paying is being difficult. From that day, whether a man wants it or not stops counting.
6. Why (2) is written against last year's actuals and not this year's forecast. My first draft capped at "this year's expected volume" — and I struck it out, because expected volume is a number I set. Set it high and the leader can collect that much; that is exactly the mouth of 抑配 — the number comes from above. A cap has to be built out of something that has already happened, not out of something intended to happen.
7. Result: opened 1 April, closed 18 April. Xiao Lei 584 of 620. Guo 410 of 410 (full on the 16th). Wang 226 of 300. Chen 67 of 180. Total 1,287 bags, ¥33,462, against ¥41,000 required. ¥7,500 short, absorbed by: the May Turpan trip cut to four days, the cheapest hotel in the county town, and June's rent deferred a fortnight with the landlord's agreement.
8. Chen's 67, which is the number I want to remember. "I didn't push it in the group. I posted your six rules and whoever asked me, paid. The sixty-seven came on their own." And: "Don't read anything into my not pushing. I could have pushed. But if I push, clause three is gone." She enforced rule three against her own commission, unasked, in a way I could not have detected.
9. Guo's request, and the first real cost of the design. Her 410 filled in fifteen days and she asked to lift the cap by 150 bags (¥3,900 — which happens to be half my shortfall, offered voluntarily, with nobody coerced and nobody worse off). I said no. My three reasons: lift it once and next year it isn't a cap; next year when you don't reach 410 you'll think you failed; the cap protects you, it doesn't restrict you. She replied "all right then" and nothing else, and I know she isn't persuaded, and my third reason was the weakest of the three: the cap does protect her, but it protects next year's her, and this year's her is out ¥780.
10. Jiang, by phone, 20 April. "You did a pre-sale?" Once. "How much?" ¥33,000. A laugh. "Thirty-three thousand. I have twenty-one groups and eight thousand nine hundred people. Send the same six rules down through those." And: "Guess. Three hundred thousand. Conservatively, two hundred and fifty." And: "Marco, your July hole — I can close it with one phone call." And: "Do you want it?" Everything I wrote the six rules to prevent is contained in the arithmetic of that offer, and none of it is visible on the face of it. She would not be coercing anybody. She wouldn't have to.
英文精读English Highlight0 字
本回所引古文的英译与解读
"A thing can be well intended and correctly designed and still go bad. What ruins it is not bad men. It is a number."
The problem was ordinary and old. State granaries held cash and grain that sat and partly rotted; farmers in spring had no capital to sow with and borrowed from the great households of their village at a rate that doubled the principal by harvest. Borrow one picul, repay two. The reform lent the granary stock instead, disbursed in spring and gathered in autumn, at two parts in ten — a fifth of the cost of the alternative — with the intention stated in eight characters: so that the farmer has the means to act in season, and the engrossers cannot ride his urgency.
The statute was careful in exactly the places a modern reader would want it to be careful. Those who wish to take it are given it; those who do not are not compelled. And borrowing was capped by household grade, so that nobody could be lent more than their land could repay.
None of that was ever repealed. Asked where it had gone wrong, its author was blunt that it had not gone wrong in the law. What went wrong is not in the law. It is below it.
And the mechanism he described has nothing to do with anyone's character. Two parts in ten is revenue. Revenue gets reported upward, and once it is reported there is a number. Once there is a number, next year has to beat this year. And then, quietly: from that day, whether a man wants it or not stops counting.
What followed had a name — forced allotment: prefectures fixed an annual quota and split it among townships, townships split it among households, and nobody was asked. Wealthy households who needed nothing were made to borrow. The poorest, who could not repay, were made to borrow. And when they could not repay, the runners came to the door. Sell the ox. Sell the land. Sell the daughter.
He did not dispute any of it — all of that is true; I read what Han Qi memorialised — and he did not recant either. As for the abundance of resentment and slander, I certainly knew beforehand that it would be so. And: if it be said that today one ought simply to do nothing and keep to what was done before, that is not something I am prepared to know about.
The lesson he offered was not don't try. It was about where to look for the failure, and it is the opposite of where people usually look.
速查表Cheat Sheet724 字
典故与现代对应,一行一条
| 三月二十八到四月二十日 | 出处 | 现代对应 | 一句话 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 四月收钱,六月发货 | 一千五百一十袋=三万九千二百六 | 五月要四万一 | 这不是借款,这是预售——划掉,区别只在名字上 |
| 去年三次都是我先垫的 | 你发货以后我才收钱 | 这个我不知道 | 你没问过 |
| 六月发不出来呢。那我退 | 你拿什么退。钱不是在你那儿吗 | 在我这儿,可是已经变成货了 | 那就是我在群里挨骂 |
| 常平仓的钱粮堆着年年烂 | 春天农民没本钱下种,跟大户借 | 倍称:借一石还两石 | 我息二分,春散秋敛 |
| 使农人有以赴时趋事 | 而兼并不得乘其急 | 急的人,什么价都答应 | |
| 愿取则与之,不愿者不强 | 按户等定数,都有上限 | 这个设计现在还是对的 | 坏的不在法上,在下面 |
| 息二分是一笔收入 | 收入报上去,上面就有一个数 | 有了数,明年就要比今年多 | 从那一天起,愿不愿意就不算数了 |
| 抑配:州县定数摊到乡,乡摊到户 | 一等户不缺钱也要借,五等户还不起也要借 | 还不起就追比,卖牛卖地卖女儿 | 韩琦上疏说的那些我看过 |
| 至于怨诽之多,则固前知其如此也 | 今日当一切不事事,则非某之所敢知 | 本意好,设计对,还是会坏 | 坏它的不是坏人,是一个数 |
| 六条:只做一次/上限=去年实际量 | 不定目标/钱只用在收货和运费 | 六月三十前发不出我自己在群里说,从我卡上退 | 预售不给折扣 |
| 给折扣,不预付的人就成了多花钱的人 | 第二年他会预付 | 第三年不预付就成了不合群 | |
| 上限第一稿写「今年预计的量」,划掉 | 因为「预计」是我定的,这就是抑配的口子 | 改成「去年一整年实际量」 | 上限要用已经发生的数 |
| 小雷584/郭老师410/王姐226/陈姐67 | 合计1287袋,三万三千四百六十二 | 差七千五,压缩行程、住便宜旅馆、缓半月房租 | |
| 我没在群里推,六十七是自己来的 | 我推得动,可是我推了第三条就没有了 | 她拿自己的佣金去守第三条 | 而且我查不出来 |
| 郭老师要松一百五十袋,正好补一半缺口 | 不松。今年松一次,明年那条就不是上限了 | 上限是保护您的 | 保护的是明年的她,今年的她少挣七百八 |
| 江姐:二十一个群八千九百人 | 同样六条发下去,二十五万到三十万 | 你今年七月的口子,我一个电话就补上了 | 你要不要 |